Contextos: Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales
Contextos. Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales is a bi-annual journal, edited uninterruptedly by the Facultad de Historia, Geografía y Letras of the Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación since 1998. Its mission is to publish papers discussing, analysing, reflecting on literature, language, philosophy, arts, communication, history, geography, semiology, education, educational technology and related disciplines. It is indexed in Latindex, Dialnet, Redib, Erih Plus.
Facultad de Historia, Geografía y Letras, UMCE
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El rito sagrado de enseñar: educar como acto consagrado Oficiar un rito de transformación del alma
Ensayos sobre el pensamiento mistraliano
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Valenzuela http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Relecturas desde la pedagogía crítica/queer del pensamiento educativo mistraliano
Copyright (c) 2026 Matías Ignacio Suárez Godoy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pedagogía animal: un Bestiario en Gabriela
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaime Retamal Salazar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Mistral: la pedagogía de la ruda ternura
Copyright (c) 2026 Marcia Ravelo Medina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Copyright (c) 2026 Francisca Antonia González http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
El rol de las academias de la lengua en la construcción de la identidad lingüística en Latinoamérica
Copyright (c) 2026 Sebastián Zepeda Pallero http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Coquimbo. Episodios coloniales. El derrotero de los vientres libres
Copyright (c) 2026 Ana Gálvez Comandini http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Identidad docente y experiencias pedagógicas: prácticas de mediación del cómic en la formación inicial
Abstract This article analyzes how teaching comics during intermediate teaching practice contributes to the construction of professional teaching identity. Based on the work of three pairs of Spanish Education students, it examines how they select multimodal texts, plan activities, and develop visual reading strategies in real classroom contexts. The results show progress in the appropriation of the language of comics and in the connection between theory and practice, alongside tensions related to disciplinary mastery, situated pedagogical decisions, and the demands of the school context. It is concluded that working with comics not only expands the didactic repertoire but also acts as a key formative experience for identity development, highlighting the need to strengthen multimodal training and reflective guidance in initial teacher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Victoria Jiménez Arriagada http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La universidad que fue y será de Sergio Estrada Arellano
Copyright (c) 2025 Facundo Lafalla http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Strategic Awareness and Self-Regulated Reading: A Pending Challenge in Initial Teacher Education
The article reflects on strategic awareness and self-regulated reading in Initial Teacher Education, drawing on theoretical contributions and focus-group discussions with pre-service teachers from a university in southern Chile. It argues that, although future teachers recognize the importance of reading comprehension and display critical awareness of the social, cultural, and motivational factors that influence it, they show limited explicit and conscious use of reading comprehension strategies. The paper problematizes this gap and links it both to outdated conceptions of reading inherited from schooling and to readers’ attitudes and motivation. Finally, it proposes self-regulated reading as an integrative framework that brings together strategies, metacognition, and motivation, and suggests that its development should not be understood solely as an individual responsibility, but also as an institutional and cultural challenge for universities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diego Pérez Hernández http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
¿Demasiado tarde para maternar? Análisis de narrativas e intervención social sobre la maternidad adulta
This article seeks to analyze, from a gender perspective and from the point of view of social intervention, the discrimination faced by women in their decision to become mothers after the age of 35, focusing on the impact of ageism on motherhood and non-motherhood. Using a theoretical approach to the different units of our analysis, together with fieldwork to obtain data through interviews with women over the age of 35 -both mothers and non-mothers- we have compiled data on social perceptions, stereotypes associated with the biological clock, and the emotional, social, and occupational consequences. The results obtained show the continuation of strong social pressure to fulfill traditional cultural roles and patterns, ultimately leading to the perpetuation of gender inequalities.
Copyright (c) 2026 María del Carmen Sánchez-Miranda, Rocío Domínguez-Carazo, Rubén Gregorio Pérez-García http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Flexibilización a la admisión universitaria y segundas oportunidades en contexto de alta selectividad y demanda
Atendiendo a las últimas modificaciones al proceso de admisión universitario, que fomentarían las segundas oportunidades, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el impacto de estas reformas en la probabilidad de admisión a programas de alta demanda y selectividad. Mediante modelamientos estadísticos de corte descriptivo-inferencial, se analizan los resultados de una muestra de 32.878 estudiantes chilenos que postularon a medicina en el proceso de admisión 2023. Los datos reportaron que la matrícula registra una mayor concentración de estudiantes de promociones anteriores, pese a ser un segmento de menor prevalencia dentro del total de postulantes. Además, se observa una tendencia de mejora continua en las distintas aplicaciones, otorgando al superscoring un impacto limitado y circunscrito principalmente al test de ciencias. Se devela que, en contextos de alta exigencia, el actual proceso de admisión otorga mayor viabilidad a las segundas oportunidades, pero estas se nutren de la experiencia y preparación del postulante.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Rodríguez-Garcés, David, Denisse http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Vientos ácratas en Norpatagonia: Huellas Anárquicas. Trayectorias históricas del anarquismo en el sur de Chile (Osorno, 1929-1942), de Eduardo Godoy
Copyright (c) 2026 Eduardo Gallardo Martinez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The visual composition of the electoral campaign of Freedom advances (2023)
The political foray of the current Argentine president, Javier Milei, meant the entry into the party structure of an outsider candidate. His speeches reaffirmed an irreverent and disruptive image, which was accompanied, however, by a visual positioning that was partially traditional in the field of Argentine politics. Indeed, this article examines the composition of the spots and short videos disseminated during the 2023 presidential campaign by the political force led by Milei, due to the fact that a series of fictionalization devices have been implemented in the visual framework of those partisan productions. We conducted an aesthetic study, subsidiary to the audiovisual discourse that permeated the visuality of the advertisements. The results indicated the use of recording techniques and different filmic enunciation processes, confirming the link that prevails in the current electoral period between politics and art.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariano Cicowiez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comunidades lectoras de cómic: análisis de las prácticas lectoras de mujeres que consumen shojo
The reading ecosystem is a dynamic field whose understanding is key to guiding public and educational policies. Characterizing the communities that comprise it makes it possible to highlight reader profiles absent from surveys and provide input for reading promotion (UNESCO, 2024; Jiménez and Sánchez, 2022; Moya, 2016; Tobar, 2024). Manga reading communities, in particular, broaden the notion of reading by incorporating creative practices such as fan art, fan fiction, and online debates. This study aimed to analyze the reading practices of women who consume shojo, one of the most consumed genres in Chile (Aguayo, 2025). Using a qualitative approach and an ethnographic-cultural framework—which articulates the notions of communities of practice, appreciation, and fan cultures—semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 female readers between the ages of 24 and 30. The thematic analysis identified three emerging categories: critical distancing from romantic discourses, aesthetic and symbolic reappropriation of shōjo, and affective identification with the reading community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jorge Sánchez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evolución del concepto de autorregulación del aprendizaje (ARA) y la importancia de sus teorías y modelos
This article is based on a bibliographic review of the conceptual evolution of self-regulated learning (SRLL) from different authors, specifically associated with the field of education. An exhaustive review through the use of the documentary analysis methodology of the literature reveals the main results such as the multiple definitions of SRLL, along with the development of different theories and models that support the learning process, which understand that this is a process in which students control their learning to achieve educational goals. As a fundamental conclusion, it is distinguished that several theories explain this phenomenon, each with a unique approach, and operant theory emphasizes how consequences influence behavior through positive and negative reinforcements. The SRLL process models share a holistic and processual vision, which understands self-regulation as a dynamic phenomenon that combines strategic planning, effective execution, and reflective evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Monona María Rosalía Valdés Cortez, Eugenio Alejandro Delgado-Horta, Carlos Antonio Rodríguez Salazar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Sofía Arévalo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
El “renacer” del acontecimiento en Paul Ricœur. Una aproximación a través de Tiempo y Narración I (1983)
The 70s saw the emergence of an epistemological ground in understanding the practical historian. From that discussion, we could link it with the postmodern look at history, it led to what several authors have called linguistic turn. One of its postulates offers a much more narrow communication between narrative and history itself, bringing the latter to a sense of fiction that has always rejected. Under this context, we intend to approach the thought of Paul Ricoeur doing a reading of his sense of the event focused on the first volume of Time and Narrative. So will realize how the french thinker's product and agent of a context that defines and defined.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mauricio Rivera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La poética del texto literario como lugar de construcción/reconstrucción del olvido: fragmentos de distopías contemporáneas
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Rossi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The porosity of borders and the deromanticization of the bush. An interdisciplinary effort
The present work communicates a germinal idea of what could become an interdisciplinary research-intervention project among researchers who share the same institutional belonging. Through some exchanges we recognized ourselves thinking and researching “in and about the bush” under the precept of de-romanticizing it. From there, we approached the porosity of different frontiers from which an image of the bush is constructed, which will be stressed in this paper. Thus, from different disciplinary backgrounds we find ourselves working in a common space (central valley of Catamarca), where each one, from its specificity, analyzes the different ways that different actors have of linking with the forest: a group of urban youth, a group of women who do agroecology, and actors from the academy. At the same time, we put in dialogue different research methods and logics (qualitative and quantitative) from which we denaturalize romanticized visions of the bush that seem to freeze spaces-times that are increasingly interdependent and porous. As a result, the forest has multiple meanings and is linked to urbanized spaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Silvia Valiente http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Palestinians in Exile: Home and Identity in Abulhawa’s Against the Loveless World
Susan Abulhawa’s novels Against the Loveless World captures the experience of the Palestinians living in exile following their expulsion from their homeland. This article examines the identity of Palestinians living in exile as depicted in Abulhawa’s novel. A central focus of the analysis is how the novel challenges essentialist notions of identity as a fixed and stable construct. Through the experiences of the protagonist Nahr, a Palestinian exile, the article demonstrates that identity is fluid and dynamic, rather than static or fixed and constantly in flux, shaped and reshaped by the shifting contexts of displacement and diaspora. It argues that Nahr’s identity emerges from the interstitial spaces between cultures, histories, and geographies and that Nahr’s sense of self is not a monolithic or unitary entity, but rather a multilayered and ever-evolving amalgamation of her Palestinian roots, her experiences of exile, and the cultural influences she encounters in her host countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ebrahim Alwuraafi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Chilean EFL preservice teachers’ post-reading designs: approaches to language and literary learning through picturebooks
Teaching EFL through children’s literature to young learners is becoming an important teaching strategy in many parts of the world. When carefully selected and used with a clear pedagogical purpose, children’s literature—especially picturebooks—can help improve young learners’ reading comprehension and support the development of their language skills. However, for this to happen, it is necessary that EFL preservice teachers receive proper training on how to work with children’s literature and how to prepare pedagogical materials based on these texts. This article focuses on exploring the post-reading activities designed by a group of EFL preservice teachers at a statal university in Santiago, Chile. The aim is to analyze what types of reading approaches were encouraged in the post-reading activities and what kind of activity designs were developed. The findings show a variety of strategies, with the reader-response approach being the most common. This was followed by the text-based approach, which focused on comprehension and analysis, and the language approach, which aimed to support vocabulary and grammar development. While the preservice teachers were able to design activities that combine language and literary goals, the study also suggests the need to deepen their understanding of multimodal and critical engagements with literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 GABRIEL VICTOR JUHANI ROMERO KARLSSON http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
De un orden recibido a uno por construir: Lo crudo, lo cocido, lo podrido de Marco Antonio de la Parra
En Lo crudo, lo cocido, lo podrido (1978), el dramaturgo chileno Marco Antonio de la Parra crea una analogía del orden opresivo impuesto por el régimen de Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. Este orden, lejos de haber sido estrenado por la dictadura, hunde sus raíces en una visión elitista de la identidad nacional inaugurada en los inicios de Chile como república independiente. El final de la obra insinúa la opción por un orden social entendido como producción colectiva y, por lo mismo, abierto a la incertidumbre. El advenimiento de la democracia en 1990 no hizo sino perpetuar y robustecer las estructuras políticas y económicas heredadas de la dictadura, decepcionando a la mayoría de la población. Treinta años después, esta frustración acumulada desembocó en las protestas masivas iniciadas en octubre de 2019, cuando el pueblo de Chile se atrevió a esbozar una narración de la nación nacida de la ciudadanía misma.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vilma Navarro-Daniels http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La percusión como estrategia de mejora en la motivación y en la enseñanza del alemán como lengua extranjera
This article explores the impact of percussion in teaching German as a foreign language within the German Pedagogy program at UMCE. The research examines how using the Peruvian cajón and Incredibox enhances students' motivation, pronunciation and fluency. Techniques were applied in the course "Teaching and Learning Strategies," training future teachers to implement them with middle and high school students. Results indicate that rhythmic techniques not only enrich language learning but also promote active participation and teamwork.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcela Campos Guerra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La ausencia del pensamiento complejo en la formación del profesorado en Chile
This study examines the incorporation of Complex Thinking into teacher training in Chile, based on a second-order epistemology that goes beyond the absolute Cartesian paradigm and whose form of representation is characterized by simplification and reduction. This qualitative research project uses a multiple-case study design. A group of education faculties from public and private universities were considered. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with 12 academic administrators, 40 questionnaires with faculty members from the same institutions, and a documentary analysis of the regulatory frameworks and educational projects of the selected institutions. The results reveal a limited understanding of Complex Thinking theory among administrators and faculty members. They also show how the regulatory frameworks and educational projects of the universities analyzed ignore the complexity paradigm as a multidimensional perspective capable of capturing diverse events and interactions in a cohesive manner.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Guajardo Castillo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Gender violence and the archive: A lyrical - documentary reading of the collection of poems Roulette rosa (2019) by Fanny Campos.
The article analyzes the collection of poems Ruleta rosa (2019) by Fanny Campos Espinoza from gender violence and the notion of archive, using the recognition of isotopies as a methodology. The objective is to establish in the author's aesthetic proposal mechanisms of complaint against the femicides that occurred in Chile during the year 2015. The hypothesis of the present study is related to the fact that the collection of poems develops a counter-device against patriarchal violence using two main strategies: the disappropriation proposed by Cristina Rivera Garza (2013) and a lyrical-documentary construction, which enables the discourse of the victims. This study will be carried out through an isotopic analysis, establishing two main categories: the first responds to the isotopies of war and identifies how patriarchal discourse operates through the institution of the press and religion; The second analyzes, through the same methodology, the articulation of a counter-device elaborated through the categories stated in advance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan David Salazar Pérez, Valentina Del Carmen Carrasco Ahumada http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Who has that health?: a deconstructive analysis of the definition of health
This article presents a critical-philosophical approach from Jacques Derrida's deconstructive approach to the current definition of health proposed by the World Health Organisation, examining the background and historical context in which it was created, which explains its ambiguity and reductionism, but above all the colonising, sexist and elitist exclusion that it denotes. Furthermore, the universality of this definition and its institutionalisation is discussed, from which the question of destination, i.e. the ‘privilege’ or the ‘right to’ health, arises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maribel Vargas Rivas, Carmen Muñoz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploración del dominio afectivo: motivación intrínseca y extrínseca en estudiantes de segundo ciclo
Esta investigación se enfoca en el análisis de la dimensión afectiva en estudiantes de segundo ciclo escolar del Liceo Lenka Franulic, establecimiento municipal de la comuna de Ñuñoa. Se exploran los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que inciden en la motivación a lo largo de diversas etapas educativas. Para entender cómo estos factores impactan la dimensión afectiva, se consideran los siguientes aspectos: el deseo intrínseco de aprender (DI), las recompensas externas y tangibles (RT) y la capacidad de reflexión profunda sobre el entorno (Mm), con el fin de desarrollar una comprensión integral del aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Francisco Solar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Descolonização, transculturação e antropofagia em três contos de Luis Britto García
O problema da descolonização cultural põe em perspectiva a dependência da cultura colonizada sob a hegemonia da cultura colonizadora. Ao se avaliar o objeto literário, como arte descolonizadora, deve-se propor soluções criativas para este problema. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, é interpretar a descolonização criativa na literatura latino-americana a partir dos contos “Lope”, “Nada de Negocios” e “El presidente amaneció de buen humor”, contidos no livro Rajatabla, do escritor venezuelano Luis Britto García. A metodologia passa pela discussão teórica a respeito das noções de transculturação e antropofagia como modos de se compreender as formas de representação das ideologias de dependência dos centros imperialistas, desde o colonialismo europeu até o ultraimperialismo dos Estados Unidos da América.
Copyright (c) 2025 André Luís Macedo Serrano, Andressa Santos Takao, Luis Eustáquio Soares http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Research Ethics in Social Science: A historical approach to the debate through emblematic cases
The ethics of social science research is a relatively recent field of study within moral philosophy, which from its beginnings has been involved in strong disputes that have not ended up generating consensus. One of the main points of divergence in this field is the possibility of these disciplines to generate real damages for their participants. This article provides a review of historical cases of social science research that have posed significant ethical challenges during their development, arguing against those who maintain that research in this field is harmless. Through the exposed cases, ethically relevant aspects to consider when designing research projects are shown, to finally defend the importance of promoting moral deliberation tools for researchers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Eduardo Ravanales http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0