Contextos: Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales
Contextos. Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales is a bi-annual journal, edited uninterruptedly by the Facultad de Historia, Geografía y Letras of the Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación since 1998. Its mission is to publish papers discussing, analysing, reflecting on literature, language, philosophy, arts, communication, history, geography, semiology, education, educational technology and related disciplines. It is indexed in Latindex, Dialnet, Redib, Erih Plus.
Facultad de Historia, Geografía y Letras, UMCE
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La universidad que fue y será de Sergio Estrada Arellano
Copyright (c) 2025 Facundo Lafalla http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evolución del concepto de autorregulación del aprendizaje (ARA) y la importancia de sus teorías y modelos
This article is based on a bibliographic review of the conceptual evolution of self-regulated learning (SRLL) from different authors, specifically associated with the field of education. An exhaustive review through the use of the documentary analysis methodology of the literature reveals the main results such as the multiple definitions of SRLL, along with the development of different theories and models that support the learning process, which understand that this is a process in which students control their learning to achieve educational goals. As a fundamental conclusion, it is distinguished that several theories explain this phenomenon, each with a unique approach, and operant theory emphasizes how consequences influence behavior through positive and negative reinforcements. The SRLL process models share a holistic and processual vision, which understands self-regulation as a dynamic phenomenon that combines strategic planning, effective execution, and reflective evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Monona María Rosalía Valdés Cortez, Eugenio Alejandro Delgado-Horta, Carlos Antonio Rodríguez Salazar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Sofía Arévalo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La poética del texto literario como lugar de construcción/reconstrucción del olvido: fragmentos de distopías contemporáneas
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Rossi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The porosity of borders and the deromanticization of the bush. An interdisciplinary effort
The present work communicates a germinal idea of what could become an interdisciplinary research-intervention project among researchers who share the same institutional belonging. Through some exchanges we recognized ourselves thinking and researching “in and about the bush” under the precept of de-romanticizing it. From there, we approached the porosity of different frontiers from which an image of the bush is constructed, which will be stressed in this paper. Thus, from different disciplinary backgrounds we find ourselves working in a common space (central valley of Catamarca), where each one, from its specificity, analyzes the different ways that different actors have of linking with the forest: a group of urban youth, a group of women who do agroecology, and actors from the academy. At the same time, we put in dialogue different research methods and logics (qualitative and quantitative) from which we denaturalize romanticized visions of the bush that seem to freeze spaces-times that are increasingly interdependent and porous. As a result, the forest has multiple meanings and is linked to urbanized spaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Silvia Valiente http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Palestinians in Exile: Home and Identity in Abulhawa’s Against the Loveless World
Susan Abulhawa’s novels Against the Loveless World captures the experience of the Palestinians living in exile following their expulsion from their homeland. This article examines the identity of Palestinians living in exile as depicted in Abulhawa’s novel. A central focus of the analysis is how the novel challenges essentialist notions of identity as a fixed and stable construct. Through the experiences of the protagonist Nahr, a Palestinian exile, the article demonstrates that identity is fluid and dynamic, rather than static or fixed and constantly in flux, shaped and reshaped by the shifting contexts of displacement and diaspora. It argues that Nahr’s identity emerges from the interstitial spaces between cultures, histories, and geographies and that Nahr’s sense of self is not a monolithic or unitary entity, but rather a multilayered and ever-evolving amalgamation of her Palestinian roots, her experiences of exile, and the cultural influences she encounters in her host countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ebrahim Alwuraafi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Chilean EFL preservice teachers’ post-reading designs: approaches to language and literary learning through picturebooks
Teaching EFL through children’s literature to young learners is becoming an important teaching strategy in many parts of the world. When carefully selected and used with a clear pedagogical purpose, children’s literature—especially picturebooks—can help improve young learners’ reading comprehension and support the development of their language skills. However, for this to happen, it is necessary that EFL preservice teachers receive proper training on how to work with children’s literature and how to prepare pedagogical materials based on these texts. This article focuses on exploring the post-reading activities designed by a group of EFL preservice teachers at a statal university in Santiago, Chile. The aim is to analyze what types of reading approaches were encouraged in the post-reading activities and what kind of activity designs were developed. The findings show a variety of strategies, with the reader-response approach being the most common. This was followed by the text-based approach, which focused on comprehension and analysis, and the language approach, which aimed to support vocabulary and grammar development. While the preservice teachers were able to design activities that combine language and literary goals, the study also suggests the need to deepen their understanding of multimodal and critical engagements with literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 GABRIEL VICTOR JUHANI ROMERO KARLSSON http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
De un orden recibido a uno por construir: Lo crudo, lo cocido, lo podrido de Marco Antonio de la Parra
En Lo crudo, lo cocido, lo podrido (1978), el dramaturgo chileno Marco Antonio de la Parra crea una analogía del orden opresivo impuesto por el régimen de Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. Este orden, lejos de haber sido estrenado por la dictadura, hunde sus raíces en una visión elitista de la identidad nacional inaugurada en los inicios de Chile como república independiente. El final de la obra insinúa la opción por un orden social entendido como producción colectiva y, por lo mismo, abierto a la incertidumbre. El advenimiento de la democracia en 1990 no hizo sino perpetuar y robustecer las estructuras políticas y económicas heredadas de la dictadura, decepcionando a la mayoría de la población. Treinta años después, esta frustración acumulada desembocó en las protestas masivas iniciadas en octubre de 2019, cuando el pueblo de Chile se atrevió a esbozar una narración de la nación nacida de la ciudadanía misma.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vilma Navarro-Daniels http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La percusión como estrategia de mejora en la motivación y en la enseñanza del alemán como lengua extranjera
This article explores the impact of percussion in teaching German as a foreign language within the German Pedagogy program at UMCE. The research examines how using the Peruvian cajón and Incredibox enhances students' motivation, pronunciation and fluency. Techniques were applied in the course "Teaching and Learning Strategies," training future teachers to implement them with middle and high school students. Results indicate that rhythmic techniques not only enrich language learning but also promote active participation and teamwork.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcela Campos Guerra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La ausencia del pensamiento complejo en la formación del profesorado en Chile
This study examines the incorporation of Complex Thinking into teacher training in Chile, based on a second-order epistemology that goes beyond the absolute Cartesian paradigm and whose form of representation is characterized by simplification and reduction. This qualitative research project uses a multiple-case study design. A group of education faculties from public and private universities were considered. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with 12 academic administrators, 40 questionnaires with faculty members from the same institutions, and a documentary analysis of the regulatory frameworks and educational projects of the selected institutions. The results reveal a limited understanding of Complex Thinking theory among administrators and faculty members. They also show how the regulatory frameworks and educational projects of the universities analyzed ignore the complexity paradigm as a multidimensional perspective capable of capturing diverse events and interactions in a cohesive manner.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Guajardo Castillo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Gender violence and the archive: A lyrical - documentary reading of the collection of poems Roulette rosa (2019) by Fanny Campos.
The article analyzes the collection of poems Ruleta rosa (2019) by Fanny Campos Espinoza from gender violence and the notion of archive, using the recognition of isotopies as a methodology. The objective is to establish in the author's aesthetic proposal mechanisms of complaint against the femicides that occurred in Chile during the year 2015. The hypothesis of the present study is related to the fact that the collection of poems develops a counter-device against patriarchal violence using two main strategies: the disappropriation proposed by Cristina Rivera Garza (2013) and a lyrical-documentary construction, which enables the discourse of the victims. This study will be carried out through an isotopic analysis, establishing two main categories: the first responds to the isotopies of war and identifies how patriarchal discourse operates through the institution of the press and religion; The second analyzes, through the same methodology, the articulation of a counter-device elaborated through the categories stated in advance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan David Salazar Pérez, Valentina Del Carmen Carrasco Ahumada http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Who has that health?: a deconstructive analysis of the definition of health
This article presents a critical-philosophical approach from Jacques Derrida's deconstructive approach to the current definition of health proposed by the World Health Organisation, examining the background and historical context in which it was created, which explains its ambiguity and reductionism, but above all the colonising, sexist and elitist exclusion that it denotes. Furthermore, the universality of this definition and its institutionalisation is discussed, from which the question of destination, i.e. the ‘privilege’ or the ‘right to’ health, arises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maribel Vargas Rivas, Carmen Muñoz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploración del dominio afectivo: motivación intrínseca y extrínseca en estudiantes de segundo ciclo
Esta investigación se enfoca en el análisis de la dimensión afectiva en estudiantes de segundo ciclo escolar del Liceo Lenka Franulic, establecimiento municipal de la comuna de Ñuñoa. Se exploran los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que inciden en la motivación a lo largo de diversas etapas educativas. Para entender cómo estos factores impactan la dimensión afectiva, se consideran los siguientes aspectos: el deseo intrínseco de aprender (DI), las recompensas externas y tangibles (RT) y la capacidad de reflexión profunda sobre el entorno (Mm), con el fin de desarrollar una comprensión integral del aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Francisco Solar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Descolonização, transculturação e antropofagia em três contos de Luis Britto García
O problema da descolonização cultural põe em perspectiva a dependência da cultura colonizada sob a hegemonia da cultura colonizadora. Ao se avaliar o objeto literário, como arte descolonizadora, deve-se propor soluções criativas para este problema. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, é interpretar a descolonização criativa na literatura latino-americana a partir dos contos “Lope”, “Nada de Negocios” e “El presidente amaneció de buen humor”, contidos no livro Rajatabla, do escritor venezuelano Luis Britto García. A metodologia passa pela discussão teórica a respeito das noções de transculturação e antropofagia como modos de se compreender as formas de representação das ideologias de dependência dos centros imperialistas, desde o colonialismo europeu até o ultraimperialismo dos Estados Unidos da América.
Copyright (c) 2025 André Luís Macedo Serrano, Andressa Santos Takao, Luis Eustáquio Soares http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Research Ethics in Social Science: A historical approach to the debate through emblematic cases
The ethics of social science research is a relatively recent field of study within moral philosophy, which from its beginnings has been involved in strong disputes that have not ended up generating consensus. One of the main points of divergence in this field is the possibility of these disciplines to generate real damages for their participants. This article provides a review of historical cases of social science research that have posed significant ethical challenges during their development, arguing against those who maintain that research in this field is harmless. Through the exposed cases, ethically relevant aspects to consider when designing research projects are shown, to finally defend the importance of promoting moral deliberation tools for researchers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Eduardo Ravanales http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La presente reseña, intenta dilucidar las fuertes motivaciones que han provocado en el Doctor Armando Cartes la necesidad de escribir un libro a cerca de la historia completa del Biobío en Chile. Cartes, desde la interdisciplinariedad explica cómo los hechos del pasado, que buscan ser descritos y explicados desde una posición más bien centralista, tienen un origen importante en el territorio biobense, y de la misma forma, entiende que los acontecimientos del pasado, en la forma de pensar al Biobío como un territorio lleno de identidad e historia propia, tienen una relevancia única para los estudios historiográficos en Chile.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luciano Vera Correa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Reimagining Chile: perceptions of english pedagogy students on the future of chilean education and society
This paper analyzes essays by nine English pedagogy students in Chile, written as a response to a national contest that took the poem “Let America be America Again” by Langston Hughes as a springboard to the expression of the students’ own dreams and aspirations regarding their country. The vision of these future educators is analyzed from a Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) perspective, specifically from conventional qualitative content analysis, that identified nine different themes. The findings reveal a collective desire among the students for educational reform as a catalyst for social reform. Each essay contributes a unique perspective to the idea of a more just and equitable Chilean society through education. The implications of these findings emphasize the role of educators as agents of change in a society that needs an urgent transformation. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering insights into how future teachers see education reforms as the answer to broader social reforms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrea Campaña García, Diego Mendoza Gogoy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Gender parity: theory, practices and social opinions
An approach to parity is made, with a review of concepts, history, legislation and applications, on the one hand, and on the other, a reflection from the citizenry, that is, how it is perceived and valued, and how public opinion evolves. All of this is based on bibliography and through opinion polls and interviews in Mexico City. Concepts, legislation, theoretical proposals and the exercise of policies are presented. There is a favorable outlook for the measures, in that there is a law that requires parity according to the survey, however, the interview outlines diversity in explanations and meaning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Maria Fernandez Poncela http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
El estudio de los perpetradores de la dictadura en Chile. Perspectivas de abordaje, avances y desafíos
The aim of this article is to develop an overview about the interdisciplinary field of study of the perpetrators of the Chilean dictatorship, characterizing its main perspectives of approach and the themes it covers. Methodologically, the study of the international field of research on the perpetrator is considered as a background (Salvi, 2016; Ferrer and Sánchez-Biosca, 2019), identifying five main dimensions of approach in the Chilean case: 1) The problem of the perpetrator and his identity; 2) Civilian perpetrators, complicit and implicated subjects; 3) Cultural representation of the perpetrators; 4) Institutional dimension of mass violence; and, 5) Transitional justice and the place of the perpetrator in the democratic installation process. Finally, some of the main challenges for the configuration of this incipient field of research in Chile are pointed out, highlighting its importance in the context of research dedicated to the dictatorship.
Dossier: A 50 años. Reflexiones sobre la Dictadura Militar Chilena y Argentina
Memories and forgetfulness of the last dictatorship in Mendoza teachers
The current advance of research was developed in the context of the project “Among Mendoza teachers: conversation to enhance the visibility of other memories around the history of education in Mendoza”, financed by the SIIP-UNCuyo. We formed an interdisciplinary investigation group and using a research methodology based on oral history; we researched the experiences of teachers from Mendoza who worked during the second half of the 20th century. In this paper, we try to focus on the testimonies and the forgetfulness that arose related to the last Argentine civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983). The questions that lead this investigation of memory and forgetting are the following: In the school institutions, are we in the presence of forgetting mechanisms? Are these problems of transmission or problems of traumatic memories? The forgetfulness is part of the historicity regimes of the late 20th century?
Copyright (c) 2024 Cintia Bonomo, Romina Mozzicafredo
The exile of workers of the Federación Obrera Provincial to the Lavalle desert during the 1919 teachers' strike in Mendoza
This article adresses the exile to the desert and the mountain range of a group of leaders of the Federación Obrera Provincial during the conflict between the incipient teachers' unionism and the radical government of José Néstor Lencinas in 1919 in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. The repressive actions on the part of the State reached a peak of violence with the kidnapping by the police and the deportation of workers' leaders to the Lavalle desert for almost a week. The paper analyzes this event as a turning point of the workers' struggles in local history and its link with the increase of state violence. It is proposed to fill a thematic gap in local historiography by analyzing testimonies of protagonists and articles from the press of the time in order to build a narrative that allows to revert this situation of oblivion. The analysis of the facts is complemented with the incorporation of conceptual contributions linked to the categories of exile, desert, among others.
Hacer pedagogía de la memoria en la formación docente. Desafíos en la enseñanza desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos
The following article addresses the importance of integrating the pedagogy of memory in teacher training. It analyzes the role of collective memory in the educational process by providing for an understanding of pedagogical experiences from our context, thus contributing to the construction of a critical consciousness in future educators. Then, the literacy campaigns in Argentina and Chile during the 1970s are examined as significant examples of popular education, highlighting their importance in the fight against illiteracy and their historical and political relevance. The text concludes with an invitation to reflect on how these past experiences can enrich contemporary educational practices, especially in the context of a pedagogy committed to human rights and social justice.
Intellectual commitment and memory construction: Crisis magazine after the 1973 coup d'état in Chile
The article examines how the Crisis magazine (Buenos Aires, 1973-1976) covered the unfolding situation in Chile following the coup d'état on September 11, 1973. Utilizing tools of discourse analysis, the notion of discursive strand is employed to thematically organize the texts published by the magazine regarding the Chilean circumstances. Subsequently, Crisis articles are analyzed as discourses that were actively related both to the Latin American cultural field and the social and political order of their time. Concepts such as commitment, novelty, and memory allow us to analyse the specific manner in which these discourses enabled the magazine to position itself during the tumultuous years of its publication.
Resumo: O presente artigo propõe uma leitura da antologia Rastros, do poeta paulista Tarso de Melo, a partir da noção de inoperância proposta pelo filósofo Jean-Luc Nancy em sua obra A comunidade inoperada (2016). A poesia de Tarso de Melo pode ser descrita como uma escrita contaminada pelos “restos do real”, de que fala Florencia Garramuño (2009). Como um convite a habitar os limites enquanto espaço de contaminação e encontro com outro, seus textos não procuram explicar ou retratar o mundo, mas, antes, encharcam-se dele e falam a partir daí. A recusa a estabelecer fronteiras entre o eu e o outro, ou poema e mundo, é o ponto de partida para a análise dos poemas, dialogando não apenas com os autores e autoras já mencionados, mas também com Giorgio Agamben (2013), Judith Butler (2015) e Paul B. Preciado (2020), entre outros nomes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rafaela Scardino http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Enfermedades políticas (1787) of Hipólito Villarroel: the arbitrism in America as a textual space for the utopy
Political illnesses suffered by the capital of this New Spain... (1787), written by Hipólito Villarroel, is one of the few Spanish-American whims of which there is news, a modality little studied in comparison with its peninsular version. The work deals with the different problems that afflict the administration of New Spain, which here are indicated as diseases that afflict the political body and that must be purged by means of remedies that are coherent for each evil. A reading is developed in a utopian key, which raises the possibility that Villarroel's project to improve New Spain society opens a "textual space" of utopian dimensions, in which the author configures a particular utopia. illustrated American Catholic, based in order, morality and categorization of people.
Copyright (c) 2024 Romina Paz Uribe Villagrán http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The THE CONTRIBUTION OF ETHICS TO RURAL EDUCATION OF THE XXI CENTURY IN THE NORTH OF ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA.
Ethics is part of the comprehensive training of citizens as a social commitment of the academy in the 21st century. Therefore, students, teachers, managers and families are active subjects of change and propose or contribute knowledge for new pedagogical strategies, with new concepts and perspectives for divergent generations, to form tolerant, critical, participatory and purposeful people in well-being of multiculturalism. This article is based on some recognized authors, and especially, it aims to reflect on the thinking and acting in the daily lives of children and young people, as well as the integral function of the academy and the family. An investigation is carried out with a qualitative approach from observation, surveys and interviews, to discuss the objective of the ethics chair in schools and colleges and present conclusions and recommendations as a contribution to the training of citizens in rural educational institutions in Colombia. Keywords: Ethics, Education, family, values.
Copyright (c) 2024 Claudia Cristina Grajales Bolivar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sobre la sensibilidad y la tolerancia moderna desde la perspectiva de Svenja Flasspöhler
Copyright (c) 2024 Luis Alfonso Briceño-Montilla
Cultural heritage, art and identity. Knowledge and work processes in and with the local landscape
The existence of granite, dolomite and limestone quarries made the mountainous region of the Olavarría district a source of wealth of highly valuable minerals, a key factor for the arrival of European migrants in the 19th century. His arrival was configuring a space for new work practices and for the transmission of knowledge. As a consequence, there are currently testimonies in the landscape of Olavarri that illustrate the emergence of a mining industrial heritage that today forms part of remnants of almost extinct technology. The disappearance of the first production systems and manufacturing urbanization caused not only the inactivity of industrial spaces, but also the disappearance of old trades. In this context, in the present work the objective is to reconstruct the processes by which local artists revalue and teach that knowledge using the various raw materials of the landscape and the knowledge that endures in the collective memory.
Copyright (c) 2023 María Vanesa Giacomasso
El yo soberano: ensayo sobre las derivas identitarias
Ensayo sobre las derivas identitarias y sus teorías contemporáneas. El texto aborda temas de genero, teoría queer, feminismos, estudios poscoloniales y decoloniales.
Copyright (c) 2023 Andrés Ibarra Cordero
En el jardín. Experiencias colaborativas en la formación ecológica y medioambiental desde la Pintura de Paisaje
This article presents the results obtained in various experiences carried out as part of the PIMCD Nº 61/ 2022 awarded by the UCM entitled "Landscape painting as a tool for knowledge in the face of climate change". Three gardens located in the Community of Madrid have been selected as a working space for obtaining results derived from artistic creation and for acquiring skills in ecological and environmental education. We believe that this ecological and environmental awareness can be approached from different points of view and approaches, thus better penetrating the different social strata, in order to generate a solid training and awareness with roots and not a recipe book about the benefits that nature brings us and consequently to understand that the enjoyment of nature is not eternal and we must generate in us the awareness of reaching the maximum possible sustainability on our planet.