Reflexiones sobre el comportamiento animal y humano: la conducta altruista
Abstract
En este trabajo se compara la conducta altruista animal y humana desde la perspectiva de la Biología del comportamiento. Se analizan las siguientes interrogantes sobre la conducta altruista en otras especies. ¿Existe un tipo de altruismo o podemos reconocer varios tipos de altruismo en la naturaleza? ¿Ocurre al azar en un grupo social o es direccional? ¿Qué beneficio puede significar el efectuar conductas altruistas para un organismo?
Se postula la existencia de cuatro tipos de altruismo en la naturaleza: el altruismo familiar, el altruismo recíproco, el altruismo de consorte y el altruismo de amistad. Se discute el posible aporte de la Etología en la comprensión de las bases biológicas del altruismo humano.
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